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satellite navigation
Global Navigation Satellite Systems
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is the standard generic term for satellite navigation systems that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage.
A GNSS allows small electronic receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude) to within a few metres using time signals transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites. Receivers on the ground with a fixed position can also be used to calculate the precise time as a reference for scientific experiments.
As of 2007, the United States NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only fully operational GNSS. The Russian GLONASS is in the process of being restored to full operation.
The European Union's GALILEO positioning system is a next generation GNSS in the deployment phase, scheduled to be operational by 2012. China originally indicated it would expand its regional Beidou navigation system into a global system, while India's IRNSS, also a next generation GNSS is in its developmental phase and is scheduled
to be operational no earlier than 2012.
GNSS Market and Figures
GNSS market trends, which indicate double-digit growth rates over the last decade and a 25% increase more recently, are expected to accelerate further as new GNSS systems with superior performance to GPS will become operational and will increase the number
of civilian applications.
- The global value of GNSS was estimated at nearly US$ 40 billion (2006) and is expected to reach US$ 90 billion by 2011.
- By 2020, forecasts indicate that 3 billion satellite navigation receivers will be in service and 50 million vehicles will be fitted with navigation equipment.
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Why is GNSS attractive to SMEs?
We are stressing that European industry should start now to develop ideas for application. China & India are more and more active in this field. Our forecasts suggest there could be 140,000 new jobs in Europe.
- Rainer Grohe, CEO, Galileo Joint Undertaking |
GNSS is a rapidly expanding market that will present extraordinary new possibilities to market-ready SMEs.
Unlike regulated applications (public infrastructures, emergencies, law enforcement), where the key players are large corporations, unregulated applications are friendlier to SMEs. In particular, the field of location-based services (LBS) that are already widely commercialised both at an institutional and individual level, is one of many ideal markets for innovative SMEs to compete globally.
The total value of the location-based services market is estimated at US$ 13.3 billion
by 2013, a dramatic increase from the US$ 515 million of 2007.
In particular, the GALILEO system has been forecast to create more than 150,000 jobs and generate service and equipment contracts estimated at €9 billion per annum.
Project SIDEREUS is the ideal choice to make to meet peers in key markets, identify strategic partnerships, internationalise and gain a competitive advantage on one of the fastest growing global markets.
Principal Global Navigation Satellite Systems
Galileo | GLONASS | GPS | Compass | IRNSS
GALILEO
The European Union and European Space Agency agreed on March 2002 to introduce their own alternative to GPS, the Galileo positioning system. The €3.4 billion project is alternative and complementary to the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Russian GLONASS.
Galileo, which should be fully operational by 2013, will include 30 satellites and an associated network of ground stations spread all around the globe. When in operation,
it will have two ground operations centres, one near Munich, Germany, and another in Fucino, 130 km east of Rome, Italy.
Galileo will be free and operated by civilian authorities.
Galileo will be fully compatible with the modernized GPS system, but far more accurate with measurements in the metre range, better positioning services at high latitudes and an independent positioning system. Like GPS, use will also be free for everyone. Moreover, Galileo includes a signal "integrity message" that immediately informs users of any errors. Galileo is a public service and guarantees continuity of service provision for specific applications.
Galileo is the European Union’s biggest aerospace project after Ariane and Airbus. Moreover, in terms of economic viability, a PricewaterhouseCoopers study, based on updated forecasts for a period of 20 years, shows a benefit/cost ratio of 4.6. This ratio is higher than for any other infrastructure project in Europe.
For further information: SIDEREUS Links
GLONASS
GLONASS is a radio-based satellite navigation system, developed by the former Soviet Union and now operated for the Russian government by the Russian Space Forces. It is an alternative and complementary to the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) and the planned Galileo positioning system of the European Union (EU).
Development on the GLONASS began in 1976, with a goal of global coverage by 1991. Beginning on 12 October 1982, numerous rocket launches added satellites to the system until the constellation was completed in 1995. Following completion, the system rapidly fell into disrepair with the collapse of the Russian economy.
Beginning in 2001, Russia committed to restoring the system, and in recent years has diversified, introducing the Indian government as a partner, and accelerated the program with a goal of restoring global coverage by 2009.
GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only fully functional Global Navigation Satellite System. Utilizing a constellation of at least 24 Medium Earth Orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals, the system enables a GPS receiver to determine its location, speed, direction, and time.
Developed by the United States Department of Defence, the GPS satellite constellation is managed by the United States Air Force. The cost of maintaining the system is approximately US$750 million per year including the replacement of aging satellites, and research and development.
Following the shooting down of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 in 1983, President Ronald Reagan issued a directive making the system available free for civilian use as a common good. Since then, GPS has become a widely used aid to navigation worldwide, and a useful tool for map-making, land surveying, commerce, scientific uses, and hobbies such as geo-caching.
GPS also provides a precise time reference used in many applications including scientific study of earthquakes, and synchronization of telecommunications networks.
Compass
The Compass system (also known as Beidou-2) is a project by China to develop an independent global satellite navigation system. Compass is not an extension of the previously deployed Beidou-1 system, but a new GNSS system similar in principles to
GPS and Galileo.
Compass has manifested little change since the launch of its first medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite in April 2007. Four geo-stationary satellites from the prototype Beidou system had previously been launched, the first on October 31, 2000.
Although initiated by China’s military forces, a recently established China Satellite Navigation Project Centre (CSNPC) reportedly will take charge of the research, building, and management of CNSS.
The system was originally expected to cover China and parts of neighbouring countries by 2008 and then develop into a global constellation. However, InsideGNSS reports that in a remark at the Munich Satellite Navigation Summit (Feb 2008, Jing Guifei, Project Manager at the National Remote Sensing Centre of China (NRSCC), underlined the near-term efforts to implement a regional capability for the system and projected the global aspects of Compass into the mid- to long-term.
IRNSS
The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) is being developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation.
The proposed system will have a constellation of seven satellites and a support ground segment providing positioning throughout India and within a region extending approximately 1,500 to 2,000 km around it.
The project, approved in May 2006, should be implemented in 6-7 years. The first satellite is expected to be launched in 2009.
A goal of complete Indian control has been stated, with the space segment, ground segment and user receivers all being built in India.
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Sidereus project official website © 2008 Filas Spa
Programme: ASIA-Invest - EuropeAid/122960/C/ACT/Multi - Project no.: CN/ASIA-INVEST/040 (128-283) |
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satellite navigation
